Note: Depending on the lecturer teaching the course and nature of the text used for a particular course, there may be completely, little or no change to the following course outline:
PHY 111 General Physics for Life Sciences I | 2
units
Units and dimension. Scalars and vectors. Linear and
circular motion, velocity, acceleration. Laws of mechanics and gravitation;
simple applications. Conservation of energy, momentum. Work and power. Simple
harmonic motion, simple pendulum. Moment of inertia, Angular momentum;
centrifugal and centripetal forces; centrifuges, Elasticity, Hook’s law,
young’s modulus. Fluids, pressure, surface tension, viscosity, osmoses, blood
pressure, and its measurement.
PHY 112 General Physics for Life Sciences II | 2
units
Concepts of heat, temperature: measurement of temperature,
clinical thermometer. Heat capacity, specific heat, latent heat, calorimeter.
Gas laws; kinetic theory of Gas. Thermal energy, isothermal and adiabatic
change. Conduction, convection, radiation. Sound waves; intensity, pitch and
quality of sound. Propagation of sound in solids, liquids and gas. Doppler Effect.
The ear. Reflection and refraction of light; Plane and spherical mirrors, Thin
lenses; Optical instruments. The eye, defects of vision and their corrections.
Wave nature of light, interference, diffraction: Velocity of light.
PHY 114 General Physics for Life Sciences III |
2 units
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field,
electrostatics potential. Energy in electric field, capacitors. Dielectrics.
Electric current, potential difference and electromotive force. Ohm’s law;
potentiometer, meter bridge, wheat stone bridge. Magnetic effects of currents;
permanent magnetism, earth’s magnetic field. Faraday’s Law of induction,
generators and electric motor. Alternating current. Maxwell’s equations.
Structure of the atom. Radioactivity. X-rays applications in Life sciences.
Nuclear energy.
PHY 115 General Physics for Physical Sciences I
| 2 units
Units and dimension. Element of vectors algebra. Kinematics,
Linear and circular motion, velocity, acceleration. Laws of mechanics and
gravitation; simple applications, motion of planets. Conservation of energy,
momentum. Work and power. Rigid bodies Simple harmonic motion; simple and
compound pendulum, damped and force vibrations. Moment of inertia, Angular
momentum. Fluid mechanics.
PHY 116 General Physics for Physical Sciences
II | 2 units
Temperature and its measurement. Heat capacity, specific
heat, latent heat, calorimeter. Gas laws; kinetic theory of Gas. Thermal
energy, work done by expanding gases; laws of thermodynamics. Liquefaction and
transverse waves; vibrations in solids. Sound waves in solids, liquid and gas;
pitch, intensity, and quality of sound. Doppler effect. Acoustics of buildings Ultrasonic.
Reflections and refraction of light; spherical mirrors; thin thick lenses;
optical instruments. Wave nature of light; interference, diffraction,
polarization. Velocity of light.
PHY 118 General Physics for Physical Sciences
III | 2 units
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field,
electrostatics potential. Energy in electric field, capacitors. Dielectrics, polarization.
Electric current, potential difference and electromotive force. Ohm’s law;
Element of circuit theory. Thermoelectric effects. potentiometer, meter bridge,
wheat stone bridge. Magnetic effects of currents; permanent magnetism, ferromagnets,
earth’s magnetic field. Moving coils instruments. Faraday’s Law of induction,
generators and electric motor. Alternating current. Maxwell’s equations.
Structure of the atom. Radioactivity. X-rays applications in Life sciences. Elements
of Atomic and nuclear physics.
PHY 121 Fundamentals of Physics I | 3 units
Units and dimensions. Vector algebra. Kinematics and
dynamics of a mass point; Kinematics, Linear and circular motion, velocity,
acceleration. Laws of mechanics and gravitation; simple applications, Keplar’s
laws. Conservation of energy, momentum. Work and power. Rigid bodies Simple
harmonic motion; simple and compound pendulum, damped and force vibrations.
Moment of inertia, Angular momentum. Fluid and hydrodynamics mechanics. Ideal
gas laws. Kinetic theory of gases.
PHY 122 Fundamentals of Physics II | 3 units
Temperature and its measurement. Heat capacity, specific
heat, latent heat, calorimeter. Gas laws; kinetic theory of Gas. Change of
state-Critical points. Heat transfer; conduction, convection, and radiation.
Blackbody radiation. Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves.
Superposition of waves, interference and diffractions. Thermal energy, work
done by expanding gases; laws of thermodynamics. vibrations in solids. Sound
waves in solids, liquid and gas; pitch, intensity, and quality of sound.
Doppler effect. Acoustics of buildings Ultrasonic’s. Reflections and refraction
of light; spherical mirrors; thin thick lenses, lens combinations; optical
instruments. Wave nature of light; interference, diffraction, polarization. Rectilinear
propagation of light. Velocity of light.
PHY 122 Fundamentals of Physics III | 3 units
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s laws. electric
field, electrostatics potential. Energy in electric field, capacitors.
Dielectrics, polarization. Electric current, potential difference and
electromotive force. Ohm’s law; Element of circuit theory. Thermoelectric
effects. potentiometer, meter bridge, wheat stone bridge. Magnetic effects of
currents; permanent magnetism, ferromagnets, earth’s magnetic field. Moving
coils instruments. Faraday’s Law of induction, generators and electric motor
measuring devices. Motion of charge particles in electric fields, Hall effect.
Alternating current. Maxwell’s equations. Structure of the atom. Radioactivity.
X-rays applications in Life sciences.
Atomic and nuclear structure. Nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear
reactor.
PHY 191 Practical Physics I | 2 units
Selected Experiments from the 100-Level courses in Physics
for Service courses (life and other physical science).
PHY 195 Practical Physics II | 2 units
Selected Experiments from the 100-Level courses in Physics
for Physics and Engineering Students.
PHY 196 Practical Physics III | 2 units
Selected Experiments from the 100-Level courses in Physics
for Physics majors.
PHY 211 Structure of Matter | 3 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 121 and PHY 122)
Structure of Solids, basic crystal structures, space
lattices, primitive cells and Brilloiun zones, Bragg’s law of reflection for
X-rays. Types of crystals, crystal binding and mechanical properties, theory of
elasticity. Fluid mechanics, equation of continuity, supersonic flow. Kinetic
theory of gases, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law; specific heat of gases at
low pressures; Van deer Waals equation. Brownian motion.
PHY 221 Mechanics | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 115 or PHY 121)
Kinematics and mechanics of many particles systems; angular
momentum. Dynamics of rigid bodies, moment of inertia; symmetrical top
gyroscope. Central forces; gravitational potential problems. Keplar’s laws of
planetary motion. Inertial frames, Galilean transformations; Coriolis force.
Constancy of speed of light. Lorentz transformations; Length contraction and
time dilation, Einstein’s mass-energy relation.
PHY 241 Waves | 3units
(Prerequisite: PHY 116 or PHY 108)
General properties of wave motion, longitudinal and
transverse waves, polarization of transverse waves. Progressive and standing
waves, interference of waves. Propagation of waves; effect of medium,
dispersion, phase and group velocity, attenuation of waves. Wave equations,
various solutions; reflection and refraction of waves. Vibrations, resonance.
Coupled system. Fourier analysis. Elastic waves in solids. Interference and diffraction
of light – interferometers, diffraction gratings, polarization of
light-production and analysis of polarized light.
PHY (242) Geometrical Optics | 2 units {not for Physics & Astronomy students}
(Prerequisite: PHY 115 or PHY 122)
Refraction at curved surfaces. Thick lenses and lens
combinations Ray tracing formulae. Lens defects, chromatic aberration,
spherical aberration; astigmatism, coma, curvature distortion. Eye pieces,
Huygens, rams den composite lenses, rectilinear lenses, Cooke’s triplet,
telephoto and wide angle lenses.
PHY 242 Physical Optics | 2 units {for Physics & Astronomy students}
(Prerequisite: PHY 116 or PHY 122)
Interference of light, types of fringes; division of wave
front, Fresnel’s biprism, Rayleigh refreactometer; division of amplitude,
interference in thin films. Newton’s rings, Michelson interferometer,
FabryPerot, interferometer, interference filters, Diffraction; Fraunhofer
diffraction single slit, circular aperture; zone plate, Cornu’s spiral.
Resolving power of optical instruments. Polarization of light, production and
analysis of polarized lights, optical activity, phase contrast microscope.
PHY 251 Electromagnetism | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 121 or PHY 124)
Electrostatics. Gauss’s Law. Fields of charge distribution,
methods of images. Dielectrics, Polarization, Electric current, current
density. D.C Network theory. Ampere’s law, magnetic fields of simple circuits.
Transients in capacitive and inductive circuits. A.A circuits analysis. Magnetization
and hysteresis. Permanent magnetism, Diamangnetism, Paramagnetism and
ferromagnetism. Lorentz force. Hall effect. Maxwell’s equations –
electromagnetic waves.
PHY 262 Introduction to Atomic & Nuclear
Physics | 3 units
Experimental test of inadequacies of classical physics,
concept of quanta Wave-particle duality. From Bohr’s hypothesis to foundation
of quantum mechanics. Concept of spin – Pauli’s exclusion principle.
Introduction to atomic and molecular spectra. X-rays. Lasers. Radioactivity –
Structure of nuclei. Nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactors. Feasibility
of fusion power; Detectors. Accelerators.
PHY 291 Practical Physics IV | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 195 or PHY 196)
Selected experiments from the 200-Level Physics Courses.
PHY 301 Methods of Theoretical Physics I | 2
units
Rotation and Translations in three dimensional space,
coordinate transformations; curvilinear coordinates. Basic properties of
matrices and Determinants. Cauchy – Riemann relations, Partial Differentiation
and double integrals. Power series. Complex variables, Argand diagram, Cauchy’s
Theorem, residue theorem and contour integrations applied to problem in
physics. Fourier analysis, Fourier transforms and their applications to
problems in physics.
PHY 302 Methods of Theoretical Physics II | 2
units
Dimensional analysis and applications. First and second
order partial differential equations in physics; Heat diffusion equation; wave
equations. Methods of solution: separation of variables, Laplace Transforms,
eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Special functions: Bessel Functions, Legendre and
Hermite Polynomials, Spherical Harmonics, Beta and Gamma Functions and their
applications.
PHY 311 Solid State Physics I | 2 units
Crystal structure of solids, space lattices, Primitive cells
and Brillouin zones; Miller indeces, structure factor. Crystal diffraction by
X-rays and neutrons, the reciprocal lattice; crystal binding and mechanical
properties of solids. Theory of elasticity; lattice vibrations of monatomic and
diatomic chains; free electron theory of metals.
PHY 321 Relativity Physics | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 211)
Galilean transformations, Michelson – Morley experiment,
limitations of classical mechanics. Constancy of velocity of light; Lorentz
transformations, Time dilation, length contraction, simultaneity of events,
relativistic addition of velocities. Doppler Effect. Relativistic Kinematics,
mass-energy equivalence. Four vectors relativistic invariance, invariance of Maxwell’s
equations.
PHY 331 Thermal Physics | 3units
(Prerequisite: PHY 122)
First and second laws of thermodynamics-reversible and
irreversible processes – Carnot’s cycle, heat engines – isothermal and
adiabatic expansion. Thermodynamic potentials Maxwell’s relations. Entropy –
Third law of thermodynamics. Joule-Kelvin effect – refrigeration. Equation of
state of perfect gas; Maxwell’s-Boltzmann statistics; Partition function;
Equipartition theorem. Low temperature physics. Blackbody radiation.
PHY 351 Electronics | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 251)
Electronics device characteristics, equivalent circuit;
various types of amplifiers, frequency and phase response, distortion, feedback
oscillators. Semi-conductor theory and devices, characteristics; Laser &
Masers; four terminal network; equivalent circuits. Communication systems:
modulation, a.m., f.m., single side; demodulation, Elements of logic circuitry.
Analog to digital conversion. Computers.
PHY 361 Quantum Mechanics I | 3 units
Wave-Particle duality. Fundamental postulates of quantum
mechanics – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principles, statistical interpretation of
wave functions. Correspondence principle: Hamilton-Jacobi equations,
Schrodinger’s equation application to one dimensional time independent
problems. Central force problems – angular momentum and radial quantum numbers
of hydrogen like atoms. Introduction to scattering theory.
PHY 381 An Introduction to Astronomy | 3 units
Astronomical units of mass, distance and time. Optical and
radio-telescopes, observatories in space. Limitations due to nature of electromagnetic
waves. Solar system, physics of planets and satellites, formation of planets.
Origin of the solar system. Stars, distances, brightness, colours, luminosity, stellar types,
spectra, stellar masses and dimension, stellar evolution. Hertsprung-Russel
diagram, exploding stars, supernova, neutron stars, pulsars, black holes.
Galaxies, the milky way, classification of galaxies, abnormal galaxies, quasars,
isotropy and homogeneity of the universe, models of the universe. Extra
terrestrial life.
PHY 391 Practical Physics V | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 292)
Selected experiments from the 300-Level Physics Courses.
PHY 392 Practical Physics VI | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 391)
Selected experiments from the 300-Level Physics Courses.
PHY 393 Workshop Course I (Mechanical) | 2
units
Safety precautions in mechanical workshop/industries. Units
and measurements, Materials and Tools. Use of various mechanical hand tools –
hand tiles, hacksaw, drills etc. Use of machine tools and practice – lathe machines
drilling machine. Power hacksaw etc. Welding and fabrication practice. Wood
work tools and practice project. Technical drawing: Introduction to technical
drawing, geometrical constructions, isometric and oblique drawings.
Orthographic projections – 1st and 3rd angle projections, maintenance and
repairs of machine tools, gears and threads.
PHY 394 Workshop Course II (Electronics) | 2
units
Safety precautions in electronics workshop/industries. Units
and measurements Identification of electronics tools, electronics symbols and
electronic components, colour codes in resistors and capacitors. Soldering
techniques, circuits designs and wiring. Use of test equipment like
multimeters, oscilloscopes and signal generators. Design and construction of
power supply units, amplifiers, P.S.U. and phase-shift oscillators. Production
line, role of computers, Projects.
PHY 395 Measurements and Instrumentations | 2
units
Measurements, nature, design of experiments, scale. Voltage
and current measurements digital voltage and current measurements, digital
voltmeters, measurement of A.C. voltage, average peak to peak response and
r.m.s detectors, direct and alternating current probes. Frequency and time
measurements, standards, time signal broadcasting, frequency synthesizer.
Signal analysis, digital analysis, digital techniques, Fourier’s transform
techniques, signal statistics. Types of sensors; solid state, electrolytic
gaseous, ion, capacitor, magnetic induction and electronic sensors, various
types of recorders. Basic principles of design service and maintenance of
instruments.
PHY 401 Computational Physics | 2 units
Use of numerical methods in Physics, various methods of
numerical integrations, differentiations; numerical solutions of some
differential equations in physics; statistical analysis of exponential data.
Use of calculators and computers, computer programming, use of flow diagrams,
programming practice using some problems in physics.
PHY 402 General Physics | 2 units
Review of the five integrated theme in physics, Viz: (1)
Concept of space, time and motion (2) Conservation Principles – Energy, charge,
angular momentum etc. (3) fields – gravitational, magnetic, electrostatic etc
(4) Waves and (5) Quanta. Solution of simple problem on the above topics.
PHY 411 Solid State Physics II | 2 units
Nearly free electron theory of solids, Band theory of
solids; metals insulators and semiconductors; Effective mass, Fermi surfaces,
electrons and holes in semiconductors, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and
ferromagnetism; superconductivity; Defects in solids, Lasers and Masers.
PHY 412 Science of Materials | 2 units
General introduction of Materials, engineering requirements.
Mechanical properties of materials; tests to study stress, strain, ductility,
hardness, toughness and fatigue. Crystal classes and system; macroscopic and
microscopic investigations of materials by electron microscope and X-ray
diffraction techniques. Study of imperfections, vacancies, dislocations,
stacking faults and grain boundaries, clip and twining effect of defects as
properties of materials. Singles phase and multiphase materials, solid
solutions. Binary alloys; eutectic and non-eutectic mixtures. Ferrous and
non-ferrous metals, steel. Polymers; structure classification, properties,
fabrication. Ceramics, composition, forming and shaping. Stability of
materials.
PHY 414 Introduction to Industrial Processing |
2units
Basic principles of manufacturing. Measuring and gauging,
cleaning and finishing. Mechanical working fundamentals – machining, rolling, forging,
cutting, planning and drilling – use of the lathe family of machine tools. The
laser, recent developments in manufacturing and material handling. Digital
measurements and process control, automation. Quality control techniques.
PHY 421 Analytical Mechanics | 3units
(Prerequisite: PHY 221)
N-particle systems; generalized coordinates; D’Alambert’s
principles, Lagrangian formulation; Hamiltonian formulation; Hamilton-Jacobi
equations. Canonical transformations, generators, Poisson brackets, Jacobin identity.
Continuous systems; classical theory of fields. Small vibrations.
PHY 431 Statistical Physics | 2units
(Prerequisite: PHY 331)
The perfect classical gas, equation of state; partition
function; Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics,
Einstein-Debye theory of specific heats of solids. Liquefaction of gases;
liquid helium, superfluity, Bose-Einstein condensation, Production of low
temperatures. Nuclear demagnetization. Negative temperatures. Gas, Kelvin and
magnetic temperature scales, thermal properties superconductors. Ordinary and
High-temperature superconductors.
PHY 432 Solar Energy I | 2 units
Development of alternative energy sources – solar, wind
geothermal and others. Survey of current solar energy activities and applications,
solar radiation, radiation measuring instruments. The basic flat plate
collector, selective surfaces antireflective coatings, collector designs,
thermal energy storage, high-density batteries and fuel cells, solar houses,
heat engines, thermal electric power generation, cooling and refrigeration,
solar ponds, distillation. Design, performance and economics of solar systems.
Demonstration projects.
PHY 433 Solar Energy II | 2uints
Photoconductivity in solids, photo emission, photovoltaic
generation of e.m.f, photovoltaic cells. Amorphous photovoltaic cells and
energy storage. Design performance and economics of solar photovoltaic systems.
Measuring and instrumentation for photovoltaic system. Application of
photovoltaic in industry and agriculture.
PHY 434 Biomass Energy | 2 units
Photosynthesis, Chemical processes and energy storage in
plants. Fuel wood, animal waste, manufacture of synthetic fuel, e.g. methanol,
from biomass oxidation and hydrolysis of fuels. Wood stoves and burners.
Desertification and fuel wood conservation.
PHY 435 Fossil Energy | 2 units
Conventional sources of energy – petroleum and gas, coal,
hydroelectric and thermal power stations. Petroleum exploration, mining and
refining. Design, operation and economics of conventional fossil energy
conversion and conservation systems, turbines, generators, boilers and internal
combustion engines. Energy consumption in industry, transportation and other
sectors.
PHY 436 Nuclear Energy I | 2 units
Nuclear reactions, cross-sections, theory of beta decay.
Nuclear fission: properties and relation to nuclear power. Slowing down of
neutrons in media-neutron induced chain reactions. Various nuclear models.
Nuclear fusion-Thermo-nuclear reactions. Nuclear instrumentation. Radiation protection
and control. Sources of nuclear materials.
PHY 437 Nuclear Energy II | 2units
Basic reactor designs – light and heavy water reactors,
molten salt breaker reactors, high temperature gas cooled reactors, power plant
thermodynamics, reactor heat generation and removal. Basic plasma physics – magneto
hydro-dynamic equations.
PHY 451 Electromagnetic Theory | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 251)
Maxwell’s equations, Poynting Vector, propagation of
electromagnetic waves, polarization, reflection and refraction of
electromagnetic waves. Retard and advanced potentials. Transmission lines, wave
guides, resonant cavities. Antenna, antenna arrays. Radiation from moving
charges.
PHY 452 Classical Electrodynamics & Plasma
Physics | 2 units
Maxwell’s equations; covariant formalism; gauge
transformation; solutions in presence of sources. Multiple expansion of
electromagnetic fields. Radiation from moving charges; self energy problems.
Motion of charge particles in electromagnetic fields. Plasma Physics.
Boltzmann’s equation, linearized solutions. Magneto-hydrodynamics,
hydro-magnetic waves.
PHY 453 Industrial Electronics | 2 units
Operational amplifiers, analog computers. Electronics
building blocks, design of digital systems. Binary codes, logic gates, logic
operations. Digital computers, solid state devices, Zener diodes, tunnel diodes,
solar cells, particle counters. Telecommunications, telephony, telegraphy,
telex, telemetry, antenna systems. AM and FM radio transmitters and receivers,
television. Electron microscope. Electronic control of industrial processes.
PHY 454 Biophysics I | 2 units
Ionization of biomolecules, e.g. aminoacides; electrical
charge on biomolecules and implications for separation and purification
methods: ion exchange, chromatography, electrophoresis, thin layer and paper
chromatography. Thermodynamic principles: the living organism as a
non-equilibrium thermodynamic system. Energy transfer in living systems
contrasted with that in inanimate machines. Bioelectricity: ion channels,
action potentials and nerve impulse transmission. Study of the electric cell.
PHY 455 Biophysics II | 2 units
Optics of the eye, photo energy transduction in vision.
Sound waves, receiver and the ear, hearing aids. Human voice, ultrasound and
applications. Fluid flow and viscosity: implications of blood flow. Viscosity
and applications in serum analysis in health and disease and in sickling test. Heamodynamics, measurement of
blood pressure, flow and volume. Osmotic pressure and tonicity of biological
fluids and infusion solutions. Surface tension and the lung, surface active
agents. Pulmonary resistance, elastic recoil, etc. in relation to lung
function. Centrifugation: sedimentation velocity and equilibrium applications.
PHY 461 Quantum Mechanics II | 3 units
State vectors and operators in Quantum
mechanics-Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction representations. Harmonic
oscillator, using creation and annihilation operators. Angular momentum, spin
and addition of angular moment a time independent and time dependent
perturbation theories: application to laser systems. Identical particles and
the spin-statistics theorem. Theory of scattering.
PHY 462 Nuclear Physics | 3 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 262)
Nuclear structure, binding, stability, the liquid drop
model, the shell model. Nuclear reactions, general features, kinematics of the
compound nucleus, Breit-Wigner formula, nuclear fission, Reactor Physics, chain
reaction, thermalisation of neutrons, moderators, neutrons diffusion.
Elementary particles, classification,
symmetry properties, basic interpretations. Particles detectors. High
energy accelerators.
PHY 463 Advanced Quantum Mechanics II | 2 units
Relativistic wave equations. Klein-Gordon and Dirac
equation, application of Direct equation to hydrogen like atoms. Gauge invariance
and coupling of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations to electromagnetic fields.
Feynman’s path integral method, Feynman diagrams with simple applications.
PHY 464 Symmetries in Physics | 2 units
Role of Symmetry principles in Physics, Space – time
symmetries and their connection with conserved quantities in classical and
quantum physics. Isospin, strangeness, charm etc. internal symmetries in
particles physics. Classification of interactions according to symmetry
principles.
PHY 465 Introduction to Elementary Particle
Physics | 2 units
Leptons, Baryons and masons – their quantum numbers,
interactions and other properties. Quarks, gluons and hadronic spectroscopy.
Unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions. Theory of strong
interactions. Possibilities of toal unification of all interactions. Recent
developments.
PHY 466 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry | 2
units
Radiation units. Maximum permissible doses. Genetic effects,
acute and chronic exposure. Personal dosimetry, Radiation, Radiation shielding;
Safe operation procedures. Waste disposal. Dosimetry methods and instruments.
PHY 467 Interaction of Radiation with Matter |
2 units
Interaction of X-rays and gamma-rays with matter: Coherent,
Rayleigh and Thomson scattering. Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, pair
production, photodisintegration. Probabilities of interactions, Attenuation and
adsorption coefficients. Linear energy transfer, interactions of charged
particles and neutrons with matter.
PHY 468 Radiation Instrumentation | 2 units
Radiation detections: Ionization chambers, Geiger counter,
Scinitillation counters, bubbles chamber, Semiconductor detector, Multichannel analysers. X-rays equipment.
Image intensifiers. Teletherapy equipment. Ultrasonic equipment, radioisotope
scanners. Gamma cameras.
PHY 469 Medical Nuclear Physics | 2 units
Production of radioisotopes – principles of nuclear scanning
and tracer techniques. Therapeutic uses of radioisotopes. Nuclear magnetic
resonance.
PHY 471 Meteorology | 2 units
Earth’s atmosphere; use of fluid dynamics; effect of
rotation of the earth. Sources of atmospheric motion, energy from the sun, periodic
variation of solar energy. Composition of the atmosphere, different layers,
effect of composition on absorption of solar energy in the atmosphere.
Distribution of temperature, pressure and wind with height; diurnal and
seasonal variation of temperature. Cloud formation, physics of clouds.
Isotherms, isobars, weather carts. Various weather system, land and sea breeze,
monsoon, dust haze, cyclones. Weather forecasting.
PHY 472 Aeronomy | 2 units
Composition of the atmosphere; temperature ionization. Influence
of the sun on the atmosphere. The neutral atmosphere, pressure, density and
temperature distribution. Formation of ionized layers, Chapman theory;
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an ionized medium; Experimental techniques
for probing the ionosphere. Earth’s magnetic field in space, magnetic
variation, ionospheric conductivities and dynamo theory. Trapping of charged
particles in the earth’s magnetic storms. The equatorial ionsphere. Ionospheric
irregularities. Elements of airglow and aurora.
PHY 473 Physics of the Earth’s Interior | 2
units
Origin shape, structure and major divisions of the earth.
Radioactivity and the ages of rocks. Temperature and temperature gradients,
thermal conductivity of the earth; generation of heat in the earth, heat flow
through the earth’s surface. Elasticity of the earth and earth tides. The
earth’s main magnetic field and its distribution in space, secular variation,
electrical theory of the earth’s core and the mean pole, Sea floor spreading,
continental drift and plate tectonics.
PHY 474 Industrial Geophysics | 2 units
Introduction to seismic, gravitational, magnetic
electrical/electromagnetic, induced polarization, well-logging and
radioactivity methods as applied to prospecting for economic mineral deposits.
Use of geophysics in the solution of civil engineering problems.
PHY 481 Stellar Structure and Evolution | 2
units
Physics of the stellar interior, equilibrium equation of
stellar structure, continuity of mass, hydrostatic equilibrium, thermal
equilibrium, energy production. Energy transport, radiation, conduction,
convection, neutrinos; stability against convection. Equations of state;
effects of degeneracy, relativity; Opacity. Energy generation, nuclear reaction
in stars. Stellar models; solutions of the equations of stellar structure;
polytropic, analytic, linear and numerical models. Survey of present knowledge
of stellar evolution. Hertzprung-Russel diagram.
PHY 482 Galaxies | 2 units
The milky way, stellar and gas content, kinematics and mass
distribution, spiral structure, 21cm. Line studies of galactic structure, star
clusters. Radio emission from galaxies. Morphology and classification of
galaxies; general properties of galaxies; Systems of galaxies, interaction
between galaxies, magnetic fields. Connection between galaxies. Radio galaxies,
and quasi-stellar objects.
PHY 483 Modern Cosmology | 2 units
The content of the universe. The cosmological principle;
Olber’s paradox; Hubble’s laws; theories of gravitation, variation of the
constancy of the nature with time. The Robertson-Walker line elements, the
dynamics of world models, Hubble’s constant, red shift magnitude, relations,
source, counts, the luminosity, volume tests, and angular diameter red shift
test.
PHY 484 High Energy Astrophysics | 2 units
X-rays, gamma-rays and high energy particles; their
interactions with matter, nuclear reactions; spallation, observational
techniques. Cosmic ray astrophysics; historical development; definition of
rigidity; solar wind; flux freezing; solar modulation; the galaxy; diffusion
loss equation for electrons in the galaxy. Synchrotron radiation, inverse
Compton scattering,. Supernova, Galactic and extragalactic origin of cosmic
rays, observational evidence. Acceleration of cosmic rays; Fermi mechanism;
shock waves; super-nova. Chells; neutron stars and pulsars; the origin of the
highest energy cosmic rays.
PHY 491 Practical Physics VII |2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 391 and PHY 392)
Selected Experiments from the 400-Level Physics Courses.
PHY 492 Practical Physics VIII | 2 units
(Prerequisite: PHY 491)
Selected Experiments from the 400-Level Physics Courses.
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